PFAS-coated clothes that are thrown away will often end up either incinerated or in landfill. Unless incinerated at very high temperatures (>1000oC), fluorinated polymers could release more harmful PFAS during burning. PFAS of environmental concern have also been found in landfill leachate. PFAS is found in treated waste water from industrial and domestic sources and has been found in both rivers and groundwater. Conventional drinking water processes will not remove PFAS.Small quantities of PFAS will be removed during wash and wear of products containing PFAS. This includes fluorinated polymers used on stain-resistant coatings, and non-polymers that remain on clothes after production (Lassen et al. 2015).Non-polymer PFAS can build up in blood protein of animals, and is not always removed quickly. This means that predators eating PFAS-contaminated food will have higher levels in their bloodstream, and concentrations can increase up the food chain. Studies suggest that build up of PFAS is similar to those of other Persistent Organic Pollutants such as DDT.PFAS are estimated to be settling in arctic regions at rates of tens to hundreds of kilograms per year (25-850kg per year), depending on the specific PFAS chemical in question. Certain PFAS are released as gases to the environment and are blown a long way by wind and air currents in the atmosphere,. These gas PFAS will over time degrade to more persistent chemicals like PFOS and PFOA. This may be one reason why PFAS of environmental concern have been found in remote regions such as the Arctic as well as near PFAS production sitesPFAS including PFOS and PFOA have been found in air samples around Europe. The chemicals are found in small quantities, but appear in almost all samples tested. PFAS enters the atmosphere both from factories and the air inside our homes. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17554424 Non-polymer PFAS are used in the production of fluorinated polymers. The manufacture of stain-resistant finishes generally releases these PFASs into the environment, both by air and water emissions. They are very hard to remove during water treatment. Workers in textiles factories are some of the population most exposed to these potentially harmful chemicals.

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Joint NGO Position Paper on the Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge in the UK

The Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge

Fidra and the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA), along with 16 co-signatory organisations, have published a joint position paper highlighting the critical and urgent need for regulatory action on addressing microplastic and chemical contamination of sewage sludge used in agriculture.

This briefing has been developed by Fidra and the Environmental Investigation Agency UK and is supported by the following organisations:

Angling Trust
Buglife - The Invertebrate Conservation Trust
Friends of the Earth England, Wales and Northern Ireland
Froglife
Institute for Fisheries Management
Marine Conservation Society
Paddle UK
People’s Trust for Endangered Species
River Action UK
RSPB
Scottish Environment Link
Surfers Against Sewage
The Rivers Trust
The Wildlife Trusts
Whale and Dolphin Conservation
Wildlife and Countryside Link

Language: English

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Joint NGO Position Paper Sewage Sludge	Download

Joint NGO Position Paper on the Agricultural Use of Sewage Sludge in the UK

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Create Date 8th July 2024
Last Updated 8th July 2024